The dangerous elevation of lead levels in the bodies of domestic animals: a review

Abstract

Recent lead consumption and the potential for a worsening sickness are both indicated by elevated lead levels in the blood and feces. Analyzing the blood and feces of a living animal may help with a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis for lead poisoning. As it can be challenging to express, clinically and histologically, the difference between lead poisoning and the numerous diseases that affect the central nervous system, it is advised to perform a chemical analysis for lead in animals that have had access to this material or are exhibiting symptoms related to the cerebral region. Dangerous concentrations have not been determined, and there is currently no consensus regarding the outcomes of the published studies. Furthermore, due to the dependence of each mineral element on the species, age, and interactions between minerals in the metabolic process, it is challenging to estimate a dangerous dose of a mineral element as well as the physiological causes of mineral poisoning, changes that take place during poisoning, and changes that occur during poisoning. Validating a diagnosis of poisoning necessitates knowledge of toxicdosages, physiological changes that occur during poisoning, symptoms, and the mineralconcentration in tissues from poisoned animals. However, these factors are not well understood. The physiological consequences, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic options of lead poisoning in equines, bovines, ovines, and swine were reviewed.