The Emergence of Pan Antifungal Resistance in Candida spp Isolated from The Oral Mucosa of Cats and Owners

Abstract

Aims: the current study aimed to detect candida spp. from oral mucosa of domestic cats and their owners suffering from different clinical presentations.
Methods: A total of 119 oral swabs were collected equally from cats and their owners streaked on SDA and chrome agar. The isolates were tested via Vitek 2 compact system. Differentiation of can-dida spp. was done by cand primers. The Study of antifungal susceptibility patterns for Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Nystatin and Amphotericin by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: candida spp. was isolated from oral cavity of (16.67 %) cats and (8.40 %) cat owners. Albi-cans and C. glabrata were detected equally in (9.2%) cats. C. albicans was detected in (3.4%) and C. glabrata in (5%) of cat owners by cand primers. Significant inverse correlation was reported between stomatitis, glossitis, stomatitis and isolation of candida from oral mucosa of cats. Inverse significant correlation was reported between oral lesions and isolation of candida from cat owners.
cat isolates of C.albicans were completely susceptible to clotrimazole and fluconazole. All cat iso-lates of C. glabrata have resistance to Clotrimazole and Fluconazole. All isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata from cat have resistance to Nystatin and Amphotericin. C.albicans from cat owners were completely susceptible to clotrimazole and fluconazole. All isolates of C. glabrata from cat owners have resistance to Clotrimazole and Fluconazole. All isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata from cat owners have resistance to Nystatin. A total of (20%) of C.albicans from cat owners have intermediate susceptibility and are resistant to Amphotericin. Conclusions: A significant presence of C. albicans and C. glabrata, in the oral mucosa of domestic cats and their owners. The pan-resistant profile of all C. glabrata isolates common antifungal agents, azoles and polyenes. The complete resistance of all isolates to Nystatin and the emerging resistance to Amphotericin B highlights a serious therapeutic challenge. The inverse correlation between clini-cal lesions and yeast isolation suggests a complex host-pathogen interaction. These results underscore the potential for cross-species transmission of resistant strains and emphasize the need for antifungal stewardship in veterinary and human medicine.